The goal of controlling welding stress is to reduce its peak value and make it evenly distributed

1.減小焊接拘束度：盡量使焊縫在較小拘束度下焊接，盡量不用剛性固定的方法控制變形,以免增 大焊接拘束度。

1. Reduce the welding restraint: try to weld the weld under a small restraint, and try not to control the deformation by rigid fixation, so as not to increase the welding restraint.

2.采取合理的焊接順序：在焊縫較多的組裝條件下，應(yīng)先焊收縮量較大的焊縫，后焊收縮量較小的焊縫；先焊拘束度較大而不能自由收縮的焊縫，后焊拘束度較小而能自由收縮的焊縫。

2. Adopt reasonable welding sequence: under the assembly condition of more welds, the weld with larger shrinkage should be welded first, and then the weld with smaller shrinkage should be welded; First, weld the weld with larger restraint but not free shrinkage, then weld the weld with smaller restraint but free shrinkage.

3.減小焊縫尺寸：在滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求的條件下，不應(yīng)加大焊縫尺寸和層高，要轉(zhuǎn)變焊縫越大越安 全的觀念。

3. Reduce the weld size: under the condition of meeting the design requirements, the weld size and layer height should not be increased, and the idea that the larger the weld is, the safer it is should be changed.

4.錘擊法減小焊接殘余應(yīng)力：在每層焊道焊完后，立即用圓頭敲渣小錘或電動(dòng)錘擊工具均勻敲擊焊縫金屬，使其產(chǎn)生塑性延伸變形，并抵消焊縫冷卻后承受的局部拉應(yīng)力。

4. Hammering method to reduce welding residual stress: immediately after each layer of weld bead is welded, the round head slag hammer or electric hammering tool shall be used to knock the weld metal evenly, so as to produce plastic extension deformation and offset the local tensile stress of the weld after cooling.

5.采用拋丸機(jī)除銹：通過鋼丸均勻敲打來抵消構(gòu)件的焊接應(yīng)力。

5. Shot blasting machine is used to remove rust: the welding stress of components is offset by even tapping of steel shot.

6.降低焊件剛度,創(chuàng)造自由收縮的條件。

6. Reduce the rigidity of weldment and create the condition of free shrinkage.

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